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Principles of formation of urban greenery as a part of urban interior
Hrubanová, Denisa ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Havliš, Karel (referee) ; Prof.Ing.Ivar Otruba,CSc. (referee) ; Wittmann, Maxmilian (advisor)
Urban interior environment mostly serves as a place for various meetings and social events. Thus, these spaces come alive thanks to people, who give them reason and meaning. However, the question is what role urban interior has in the present day, which, at the beginning of the new millennium, is characterized by a high degree of individualism. Within the deurbanization tendencies, buildings and adjoining areas in central parts of cities are often abandoned and the activities move to the periphery. If we want to return the social function to the urban interior, as a place of pleasant encounters and relationships, we need to approach its formation with respect to current trends in the development of human society. From the perspective of sustainable development, it is also necessary not to extend the boundaries of urbanized area to adjacent landscape, while abandoning the central locations in cities, but to maintain their intensive character. From this point of view, it is necessary to realize, that it is the greenery that gives the city an opportunity to perceive public spaces as an integral part of urban life and not just as places that people walk through having no reason to stay longer than necessary. Application of greenery in urban interior provides many positive features to the city. Greenery is an added value that can also operate independently as a functional unit that links the other functions of the urban organism. Both in its solitary form and in line or area applications. Along with water elements, urban furniture, various hard surfaces and landscaping, greenery creates a pleasant and interesting living environment in the city that can be desirable and sought-after again.
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Differences in the behaviour of urban and rural populations of mammals
Kučerová, Nikola ; Štolhoferová, Iveta (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
My bachelor thesis deals with the differences in the behavior of mammals, especially carnivores, primates, and rodents living in urban environments and their rural dwelling relatives. Human-induced landscape change often results in fragmentation and decline in the populations of animals living there. However, it can also contribute to the emergence of various new traits that might help the species successfully inhabit the environment affected by humans and their activity. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether populations of urban and rural mammals differ, especially regarding their activity, aggression, boldness, and exploration. To do so, I will focus on comparison of behavior of urban and rural populations of the same species.
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Species-specific and individual predictors of birds' collisions with glass obstacles in the Czech Republic
Semeráková, Anna ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Viktora, Lukáš (referee)
Recent landscape transformation is associated with the emergence of various artificial obstacles that change the natural form of habitats and biocorridors of free-ranging animals. Glass obstacles represent a particular problem due to their transparency and reflectivity. Collisions with glass represent one of the most significant causes of bird mortality worldwide, accounting for over hundreds of millions bird deaths annually. Many authors consider this source of mortality to be completely non-selective. In that case, total collisions mortality would represent a function of population size. However, here I assume that the relationship between collision mortality and population size is more complex and that certain avian ecological groups may be differently susceptible to glass collisions based on their specific ecological characteristics. Long-term records of bird-glass collisions in the Czech Republic were provided by the Czech faunistic databases. These records were compared with the population size of analysed species and with selected ecological and morphological species characteristics. Consistently with the premise, I found out that the greatest amount of collision mortality is explained by the species' population size. However, other species characteristics, such as higher body weight,...
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Synurbanization in wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) and Eurasian magpie (Pica pica)
Tesařík, Jáchym ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Both Eurasian magpie and Wood pigeon are typical synanthropic bird species. By studying the available sources, I found that during their synurbanisation, both species have undergone several changes that have facilitated their transition from rural to urban habitats. Due to their adaptability, they have no problems colonizing urban environment and have managed to occupy new and diverse range of nest sites. Thanks to synurbanisation, both Magpie and Wood Pigeon have been able to expand their range and increase their overall abundance. Possibly the biggest threat to urban populations of both species is nest predation, which locally leads to declining population trends and reduced breeding success. Because of predation pressure and the adaptability of both species, I think we can expect not only an increase in abundance and population density in their urban population in the future, but also the occupation of new and more diverse nesting habitats in closer proximity to human settlements.
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Ecological and ethological aspects of bird-building collisions
Semeráková, Anna ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Koleček, Jaroslav (referee)
Collisions with artificial structures represent one of the most significant cause of bird mortality worldwide. Accounting for hundreds of millions bird deaths each year, bird-building collisions represent a particular problem. Although the bird's vision system is perfectly adapted to the orientation during fast flight, birds are often confused due to the transparency or reflectivity of the glass. Moreover, light pollution of urban areas interferes with the physiological geomagnetic and polarized light compass in birds, which causes the night migrants to disorient. The bird-building collision frequency variates in time and space. Throughout the day, largest number of fatal collisions occurs during early morning. Throughout the year, the peak in the numbers of fatal strikes appears in the course of autumn migration. Local species abundance did not appear to be the most important predictor of collision probability. Species traits making birds highly prone to collisions are small body size, high flight speed, long distance of migration and feeding strategy requiring rare and temporary food sources. Aggressive males during the mating period and inexperienced post-fledging juveniles are among the most vulnerable individuals. Based on taxon-specific ecological traits, some bird families were identified to...
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The City of Copenhagen as a Topos in Contemporary Danish Literature
Stanjurová, Martina ; Březinová, Helena (advisor) ; Humpál, Martin (referee)
(in English): he aim of the thesis is to analyze the City of Copenhagen as a topos in contemporary Danish literature taking the example of the literary work of two contemporary Danish authors, Jan Sonnergaard and Katrine Marie Guldager. In the first chapter the authors and their short story collections (Kobenhavn and the Radiator trilogy) are briefly introduced. At the theoretical level, the work deals with the structure of the literary space, the literary concepts of topos and chronotope. A separate chapter discusses the depictions of urban space in literature based on the ideas of Daniela Hodrova. The interpretive part focuses on the specifics of each of the authors and the procedures which are used for this purpose, eg. the motif of meeting other people and moving around the city at Guldager. At Sonnergaard, there is a noticeable difference between the center and the periphery and between the changes in urban structure. The authors consistently show Copenhagen as a dynamic city, which is, however, showing signs of provinciality.
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Ecology of Eurasian sparrowhawk in urban and rural areas
Kunca, Tomáš ; Šálek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Bohuslav (referee)
Urban environments provide suitable habitats for species that are ready to adapt to the specific conditions. One of such species is Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) that has adapted to the Prague city environment. This dissertation explores and describes selected aspects of sparrowhawks ecology in urban and rural environment. It focuses on comparison of selected aspects of sparrowhawk ecology between urban and rural study areas.
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Principles of formation of urban greenery as a part of urban interior
Hrubanová, Denisa ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Havliš, Karel (referee) ; Prof.Ing.Ivar Otruba,CSc. (referee) ; Wittmann, Maxmilian (advisor)
Urban interior environment mostly serves as a place for various meetings and social events. Thus, these spaces come alive thanks to people, who give them reason and meaning. However, the question is what role urban interior has in the present day, which, at the beginning of the new millennium, is characterized by a high degree of individualism. Within the deurbanization tendencies, buildings and adjoining areas in central parts of cities are often abandoned and the activities move to the periphery. If we want to return the social function to the urban interior, as a place of pleasant encounters and relationships, we need to approach its formation with respect to current trends in the development of human society. From the perspective of sustainable development, it is also necessary not to extend the boundaries of urbanized area to adjacent landscape, while abandoning the central locations in cities, but to maintain their intensive character. From this point of view, it is necessary to realize, that it is the greenery that gives the city an opportunity to perceive public spaces as an integral part of urban life and not just as places that people walk through having no reason to stay longer than necessary. Application of greenery in urban interior provides many positive features to the city. Greenery is an added value that can also operate independently as a functional unit that links the other functions of the urban organism. Both in its solitary form and in line or area applications. Along with water elements, urban furniture, various hard surfaces and landscaping, greenery creates a pleasant and interesting living environment in the city that can be desirable and sought-after again.
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